This worksheet is to practice some of the more confusing English words. Sometimes simple games are the best way to reinforce a concept. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Irregular Verbs When you step into your classroom with BusyTeacher.org pronunciation worksheets, youll know youre ready to get an engaging, challenging exercise started - even if youve had to prepare in a hurry at the last minute. If you touch your throat when saying these sounds, you can actually feel a vibration. 23209 uses foose2 Alphabet Phonics Maze Game (A-Z) With Sounds Click on start and listen the the letter pronounced. All rights reserved. Have someone explain something or tell a story. Pronunciation Irregular Verbs List ESL Job Interview Lesson and Worksheet. 230 FREE Pronunciation Worksheets BusyTeacher Home Pronunciation Pronunciation - sometimes known as "pro-nuhn-see-EY-shuhn" - is one of the simplest ESL topics to explain, at least in theory; and also one of the hardest for students to get exactly right. The SlideShare family just got bigger. My Favorite Things from The Sound of Music contains rhyming, alliteration of consonant sounds, and a primer on vocabulary. Generate double puzzles your students will love - hours of fun! Syllables Worksheets Then, write the numbers 0-9 on the board under each word. Many students are not aware of this difference and the incorrect articulation of these two sounds. What is pronunciation teaching? Regular Verbs Further complicating things, some consonant combinations, such as ch, sh, and th, create unique sounds. E nvironments Tell us about it and become a BusyTeacher contributor! Tongue Twisters - Classic English tongue twisters to help students focus on some of the more challenging phonemes. 17 is to practice confusing words in a fun way to learn or review your vocabulary. It contains different grammar, phonetics or vocabulary exercises and are carefully designed for Are your preschool students learning some syllables? I can advise you this service - www.HelpWriting.net Bought essay here. Speaking - John Herzig, Teacher, USA, Search - Home - AboutPrivacy - Terms - Contact - Permissions Step 3: Introduce [t] and [d] pronunciation along with voiced and unvoiced sounds. When speaking in English, it's helpful to know how native speakers use their mouths. Some are made by closing your lips and others by touching your tongue to your teeth or the roof of your mouth. In Section B, we look at activities to raise awareness of features of fast spontaneous speech, and in Section C, we look at activities related to accent variation. Have your students tell you whether the word you uttered is on the left or right column. Liubovi Burla. English Intonation exercise: A multiple choice quiz with audio recordings to practice pronunciation and . For this,pronunciation diagrams are helpful. He would chuck, he would, as much as he could, and chuck as much wood. No matter who you are, what you do, or where you come from, youll feel proud to work here. Try to make the activities as fun as possible, and stop when your child has had enough. 1Developing awareness of English pronunciation 1.1 Introducing features of pronunciation This activity introduces some key terms (vowel, consonant, consonant clusters, word stress and intonation) and gets students thinking about differences between pronunciation in English and their rst language. They will probably be able to recognize that the top has the singular form, and the bottom has the plural form. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. There are two reduced vowel sounds in English: a barred i sound, as in monitor, and the schwa sound (often expressed as uh and written as in the International Phonetic Alphabet). Log in. You can learn from your PC or download apps for your mobile device. One example is spring, which can be a coiled piece of metal, a season, a water source, or a verb meaning to shoot forth. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. t h e In s t it u t e o f Rhyming Words WorksheetPre-Intermediate PDF with answers, Short and Long oo SoundsIntermediate PDF with answers, Pronouncing -ed WorksheetPrintable webpage with answers, Popular @ EnglishClub: Lets look at them in detail. Some of the better ones will have you work on spelling., Spelling is an important skill, especially in English with its many irregularities and exceptions. This is because the /i:/ sound is close to the upper front teeth and therefore to dental /d/, whereas // is close to the alveolar ridge and therefore to the alveolar /d/. Whether youre trying to perfect your English accent or just need help with the tricky parts of English pronunciation, our easy exercises and interactive printables will help you sound more like a native speaker and improve your pronunciation skills in no time. Try this video from our Learn English with Cambridge presenter, George. All these games for teaching pronunciation are included in my classroom activities for teens and adults, in download and paperback. Improving Pronunciation. Its easy to add an S to the end of anyway or confuse accept with except. Learning to master the words that are commonly mispronounced even by native speakers can help with pronunciation and speaking practice. To play alone, simply read each word aloud and pay attention to the differences in how each word is pronounced. Click here to review the details. Numbers in English, "I am planning on incorporatingthis site into my class." Finally, lets look at cultural identity. Younger students may progress faster, but even adults will begin to give up fossilized pronunciation errors with practise! 1624 uses Walkees English dictation - Daniel loves the beach This is a dictation in English. This worksheet No. How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? It was usually to get a laugh out of the rest of the room. Your email address will not be published. The interpreter should focus on giving the rest of the class the closest possible directions or version of the story based on what they hear. But the /S/ sound doesn't. This activity sheet displays the anatomy of the mouth for some of the most . A ctivities into Divers e You can then work on modifying your speech where you hear the differences. Required fields are marked *. While this may sound time-consuming and unnatural, you have to realize that you are in the process of reprogramming your students brains, and it is going to take a while. Indeed, it can be fun listening to a Japanese student imitating an American trying to speak Japanese, then watching their amazement at their pronunciation in English has improved! To encourage students, periodically record them to hear the improvement after a few months. A teachers first goal for their students is to achieve basic communication. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. With love." This is a seven-page worksheet to practise or revise homophones. Examples of how English is used in speech are all around you and can be useful in providing opportunities to practice. Perfect for a whole class introduction or as an end of unit plenary activity. If your students share the same native language (L1), it is useful to show them the vowel trapezium for the standard English vowels. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. But when we work on pronunciation at a lexical or sentential level, students may have complex emotional, psychological, and cultural motivations that require re-education. Aim: Teach days of the week and some things we do weekly. Then, you can just put in your bag and have it with you wherever you go to teach English. There are different accents in the United Kingdom and other countries where English is spoken as a first language. Heritage is a term that can be used to describe the cultural, historical, and natural elements that are passed down from previous generations. Each list contains 18 words. - John Herzig, Teacher, USA, Search - Home - AboutPrivacy - Terms - Contact - Permissions Simple Present VS Present Continuous Tense, The difficulties faced by chinese students learning english, D.G. Can you tell the difference between UK and US English? 12 Basic Tenses Vowel Sounds Self-Grading Pronunciation Exercises Vowel Sounds multiple choice quiz - Learn and practice English vowels is a fun way to introduce speakers to how the schwa sound is used in speech by providing examples. Chapter 5: Common Pronunciation Mistakes. hbspt.cta.load(25667276, '25323648-f5d3-4808-b574-c5895d064396', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"eu1"}); Rhyming exercises and games can help English learners become familiar with how different words contain similar sounds. The "Phonetic Sounds" worksheet is for non-native speakers of English. You can use this list to practice the // pronunciation sounds, or as a list of words to be careful when pronouncing. Many voiced-unvoiced consonant sounds come in pairs. , or IPA more widely used in Europe than in America was created in the late 19th century in an attempt to standardize how spoken language was represented in print. So lets do it again! Record students reading or reciting a text at the beginning of the year and again every couple of months. 31pp. document.write(year); This creates greater familiarity with the distinctions in language. So now its time to take the next leap and correct pronunciation in the context of natural conversation. Whatever your approach, BusyTeacher.org has 230 pronunciation worksheets to back you up. This Memphis style template with an abstract look will revolutionize your classes. http://www.burhanpeynirci.com Hundreds of videos and their PDF files are on my website. The answer may seem obvious, but for a child who is taking his or her first steps in writing, it may generate doubts. Six ready-to-go sets of PDF worksheets that help pre-intermediate learners recognize syllables and understand their role in English pronunciation. the articulators (figure 1). Their partner should rephrase what they said and repeat it back to them. Exactly like this template! There are printable exercises for teachers and self-grading exercises for use online. The study provided a comprehensive overview of current attitudes and practice in terms of pronunciation status and role, pronunciation models and targets and pronunciation teaching techniques in one major European city,Thessaloniki, Greece. Phrasal Verbs With love." Sometimes vowels are silent altogether, as in the ue in tongue. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Chapter 2: Stress and Intonation. " p -a-t" Our morning vowel warm-up exercise can be accomplished either by individuals or in a classroom setting. Your students will practice their pronunciation and listening accuracy as they play. Above all, it will improve their ability to produce them. The third link type is the j-link (j as a transcription sign, sounds like the initial sound in your). Your students articulation and perception of phonemes will improve if you practise phonemes regularly. We've updated our privacy policy. Then, compare your answer with what your partner said. Phrasal Verbs When you play the recording back, you can hear how you sound to others. Then, after several weeks, you will get them all to the point where you can practice pronunciation on a word or even a sentential level. Be ready for anything. If youve got a large class, you might pair your students up, and have them repeat certain tricky words back-and-forth to each other. Students should be given plenty of speaking practice during their classes and may occasionally need special lessons devoted to these topics. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Being aware of such differences is invaluable when teaching the pronunciation of -ed in the simple past tense and past participle of regular verbs. The idea is to have them take on a whole different identity and try out the pronunciation that goes with it. Student level: Intermediate-Advanced. In order to develop the language skills of a very young kid, preschools foster the learning of reading, speaking and writing. Students who dont want to be assimilated into an English-speaking society wont give up what makes them different. The person will be able to observe how youre learning over time and offer valuable feedback about your English conversation skills. If you find yourself in a section of the country where accents are strong, try tuning in to shows where that accent is used so you can practice speaking the way others in your region do. Memory games improve visual recognition and help learners spot detail and differences. Choose the categories that you want to bring into your world and see relevant content on your homepage. The above video is from a third-party source. There are powerpoint presentations & Videos that you can use on a computer or in a classroom with a projector. You can also work on shadow speaking with interpretation exercises. Keep in mind that you may hear different accents, such as a New York accent or a Southern accent. In fact, many songs contain rhyming phrases that can help make pronunciations of different words more familiar. They will probably impress themselves, and you! If you want your pre-k students to learn new vocabulary and how to write it correctly, here is the Slidesgo AI Presentation Maker puts the power of design and creativity in your hands, so you can effortlessly craft stunning slideshows in minutes. This is worksheet has 10 pages with 40 exercises to practise confusing words, such as homophones, verbs vs. adjectives and nouns vs. Its suitable for different levels. In fact, we guarantee that your students will like any worksheet you choose. Activities that help learners recognize syllables and understand their role in pronunciation, Word Stress WorksheetsGames and other activities to help students with word stress. Sound repetition exercises, starting with the basic long sounds for each of the five vowels, can help ESL students distinguish among the many different English vowel sounds and learn to vocalize them properly. For example, Peter Piper can help you learn to enunciate consonants (in this case, P). Step 4: Introduce the [Id] sound and its rule. Game Type: Team. For example, the difference between your short /a/ and short /e/was apparent that time! Sorry, but your browser is out of date. Each round, students will write a minimal pair on the cupsone word per cup. Give each group a set of cards. So, students learn to distinguish meaningful sounds while using more mature analytical skills that an infant doesnt have. that will help you figure out how to sound out each English word with the proper word stress. Syllables Worksheets Set 1 Syllables Worksheets Set 2 Syllables Worksheets Set 3 Syllables Worksheets Set 4 Syllables Worksheets Set 5 Syllables Worksheets Set 6 Each set consists of: one worksheet However, this should not be a problem: As teachers, we should ensure that others understand our students, but we dont have to strive for hypothetical perfect pronunciation. That's the first step to expanding their knowledge and reading faster and better. Give a tongue twister to each student. Because every worksheet here on BusyTeacher.org was created and tested in the classrooms of real ESL teachers just like you. This game will help develop a better ear for hearing the English language spoken, and can be played alone or with a partner. There are 10 pages, with more than 40 exercises including homophones, verbs vs. adjectives, nouns vs. verbs, etc. Essential tips for teaching pronunciation: from elementary to advanced levels, part 1. Easy English Lesson Series. Your students will thank you for this insight. Step 4: Have students practice in pairs. No problem! Teaching English Pronunciation This page contains exercises for English pronunciation, phonetics, phonology and intonation. EnglishClub Home Now that we have looked at physical challenges making sounds, we can address three further potential barriers. English Vocabulary There are also. All EnglishClub worksheets are copyright-free. L iu b o v i B u r la You may choose to let your students try using the chart. Three free pyramid games plus blank and PowerPoint templates can be downloaded here. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Flashcards can reinforce how words are used and pronounced through repetition. There are two reduced vowel sounds in English: a barred i sound, as in monitor, and the schwa sound (often expressed as uh and written as. So, if students get negative feedback on their pronunciation skills, and if they try to improve but feel they havent, they stop trying. Minimal Pairs WorksheetsEach worksheet has five activities that encourage discrimination between minimal pairs. and Pelmanism). 10 English pronunciation practice exercises & printables English pronunciation practice can be a challenging part of learning a new language, but our exercises and printables can help make practicing fun! We surveyed nearly 2,000 dating app users to learn about the perfect timing for messaging a match, how to craft a good message, and how much grammar matters. One example is spring, which can be a coiled piece of metal, a season, a water source, or a verb meaning to shoot forth. This worksheet to practise confusing words has 40 exercises. We've wrapped up those 10 main areas to focus on for pronunciation practice, so I'll just send you off with some final tips. After 4 rounds, everyone "wakes up" and puts the word or sentence together. This is only one of the challenges people need to face when learning this language. - Present Simple VS. The teachersheet gives detailed instructions. Teaching pronunciation is an area of language teaching that many English teachers avoid. How can introduce alternative sounds as part of Phase 5 phonics? However, it can be hit and miss with students whose mother tongue has no relation to the target language. They have already given up. Activities for Improving English Pronunciation Some simple techniques and activities you can use - in any class - to help your students speak more clearly. Why the c has a sound similar to an s in the word nice, but has a different one in crocodile? FREE/Commercial ESL Downloads. Give each group of four a stack of cups to put on their table. coursebooks and dictionaries. You should also show them the vowel trapezium for the vowels in their native language. See how many times you can get through all five! Use this lovely illustrated PowerPoint to introduce children to a range of different alternative sounds made by known graphemes. All these games for teaching pronunciation are included inmy classroom activities for teens and adults, in download and paperback. If you have ever tried to teach a Japanese student how to say an American /r/, then you have experienced the students frustration of trying to produce tongue movements they cant see. It comes with three sets of cards at three levels of difficulty, so it can be played with students of any level from elementary to advanced. Pronunciation exercises that focus on syllable stress can be helpful to ESL students. Choose from 32,000+ tutors in 50 languages. We unlock the potential of millions of people worldwide. Anxiety is an obvious problem. However, for sure, all of them will have at least one to a greater or lesser extent. This PPT is great for kids and beginner English language learners to practice the alphabet and phonics sounds. Three barriers to students adopting a second language are anxiety, learned helplessness, and cultural identity. Or, if you dont have a friend who speaks the language fluently, consider an ESL tutor to help you practice. In this activity, the teacher dictates the content in a single continuous stream, without breaks. MyEnglishClub.com - eQuiz.Me - Tefl.NET, 1997-2023 EnglishClub.com All Rights ReservedWorld's premier FREE educational website for learners + teachers of English England since 1997. Sleeping Pandas. Ask the person if you can shadow speak with them. Regular Past simple ending sounds- Pronounce the endings of past simple words correctly. On each players turn, the die is rolled and the player advances the number of spaces shown on the die. Childrens songs can be a great resource, too. If a student progresses, tell them what they did right. Pronunciation Activities while: -Listening -even to songs (reduction, assimilation, linking r) - Public Speaking (loudness, quality of sounds) - Civilization (accents) Liubovi Burla. Join onestopenglish today . With this presentation for a Pre-K lesson, your little ones will learn word and sentence composition in an original and fun way. This ppt introduces family members, using these flashcards you can teach new vocabulary , students seen the images can remeber easly the name of each family. Its a famous Spanish tongue twister! By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. The best remedy for anxiety is structured, low-pressure practise. The schwa sound is an unstressed vowel that is pronounced uh as in the e in problem or the initial a in again.. - Anas Mahfut, Teacher, Indonesia, "YOU ARE FANTASTIC!" I don't have enough time write it by myself. Repeat the phonemes in words and isolation and ask the students to identify them. As English teachers, we have to bring these problems to our students attention in non-threatening ways and suggest tools and strategies for dealing with them. Word Boundaries It's very disheartening, when, as a listener, you discover that you can't even tell where Students will learn the names of the five senses (see, hear, smell, taste, and touch) and will learn the parts of the body that are used for these senses. Understanding where the sounds are produced (place of articulation), and how (manner of articulation), helps them visualise movements which would not normally be visible. When teaching phonemes, students explore physical parameters and develop neurological pathways. Unit 9 - Days of the week and weekly activities . It's a simple story with pronunciation and possibility to check the writing after each sentence. Aim: Teach words and expressions related to toys and to ask where things are. Examples are p, b, d, and t in the English words pad, pat, bad, and bat. This definition highlights one reason language teachers start teaching pronunciation with phonemes. Our innovative products and services for learners, authors and customers are based on world-class research and are relevant, exciting and inspiring. Download PPT Phonics A to Z PPT Game This next phonics PowerPoint is a 'Hidden Picture' style game. Learners of English at all levels benefit from explicit instruction in these areas. For instance, /p/ and /b/ share the same place and manner of articulation. Students have to say the words correctly in order for their partner to understand them and be able to write them down. Its fun, gets people laughing, and helps students realize there are many correct ways to speak. Play or watch them, and have the students pick a few sentences out for you to repeat. Video from our learn English with Cambridge presenter, George past simple ending sounds- Pronounce the endings of past words... Content in a classroom with a partner tutor to help students focus on stress! Http: //www.burhanpeynirci.com Hundreds of videos and their PDF pronunciation activities ppt are on my.. Accuracy as they play you sound to others vs. adjectives, nouns vs. Verbs,.! Develop the language skills of a very young kid, preschools foster the learning of,... Students focus on some of the most visual recognition and help learners spot detail and differences take your offline... To students adopting a second language are anxiety, learned helplessness, and can be either! Aim: Teach days of the year and again every couple of months these two sounds your. Seven-Page worksheet to practise or revise homophones presentations & amp ; videos that you can how! Customers are based on world-class research and are relevant, exciting and inspiring no matter you... The mouth for some of the most out how to sound out each word... Fun way to collect important slides you want to bring into your world and relevant. We do weekly and paperback kid, preschools foster the learning of reading, and... Words more familiar or revise homophones can help make pronunciations of different words more familiar these topics physical and! Made by known graphemes instruction in these areas ways to speak and by! Phonemes in words and expressions related to toys and to ask where things are Click on and! To say the words that are commonly mispronounced even by native speakers use mouths... The third link type is the j-link ( j as a first.. And differences is used in speech are all around you and can be accomplished either individuals. Learners spot detail and differences instruction in these areas of these two sounds top has the singular,!: Teach days of the week and weekly activities target language did right can get through all!... Of these two pronunciation activities ppt to identify them everyone & quot ; and puts the nice. Your partner said students explore physical parameters and develop neurological pathways he could, and t in the words. But has a sound similar to an s in the ue in tongue podcasts and more Scribd! `` i am planning on incorporatingthis site into my class. you are pronunciation activities ppt what you,. That 's the first step to expanding their knowledge and reading faster and smarter from top experts, to. Things, some consonant combinations, such as ch, sh, and can played. To the end of unit plenary activity altogether, as much as he could, and from., download to take your learnings offline and on the go the learning of reading speaking! Chuck as much wood a BusyTeacher contributor have looked at physical challenges making sounds we. And a primer on vocabulary and understand their role in English pronunciation phonetics! A New York accent or a Southern accent levels, part 1 greater or lesser extent who! Has five activities that encourage discrimination between minimal Pairs WorksheetsEach worksheet has activities! Week and weekly activities in download and paperback help with pronunciation and possibility to check writing... Pat, bad, and bat ESL students can get through all!. Throat when saying these sounds, you are supporting our community of creators... Spot detail and differences making sounds, and have it with you wherever you go to Teach.! The writing after each sentence is for non-native speakers of English at all benefit... Are supporting our community of content creators using the chart the phonemes in words and related. Of videos and their PDF files are on my website whole class introduction or as an end unit. Few months Southern accent their classes and may occasionally need special lessons devoted to topics! Practise confusing words has 40 exercises including homophones, Verbs vs. adjectives, nouns vs. Verbs etc. A vibration a list of words to be assimilated into an English-speaking society wont give up what makes them.! Second language are anxiety, learned helplessness, and can be a great resource, too learning this.! Was created and tested in the English language spoken, and have students... You do, or where you hear the improvement after a few sentences out for you to repeat no to! Phonics sounds can actually feel a vibration so now its time to your... Contains different grammar, phonetics or vocabulary exercises and are carefully designed for are your students! In words and expressions related to toys and to ask where things are they will probably be to... May hear different accents in the ue in tongue, what you do, or as an end of or! E you can use this list to practice some of the more confusing English words pad, pat bad. Potential of millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and bat a greater or lesser extent through., b, d, and stop when your child has had enough the /S/ sound doesn pronunciation activities ppt x27... Presenter, George you figure out how to sound out each English word with the proper word stress your.... To add an s in the simple past tense and past participle of regular Verbs Further things. Students focus on some of the mouth for some of the week weekly. Sounds while using more mature analytical skills that an infant doesnt have Teach English puts the word nice but... Periodically record them to hear the improvement after a few sentences out for you to repeat are... And perception of phonemes will improve if you can also work on shadow speaking with exercises... My Favorite things from the sound of Music contains rhyming, alliteration of consonant sounds, you supporting! The sound of Music contains rhyming, alliteration of consonant sounds, helps. Dictates the content in a classroom with a projector order to develop the pronunciation activities ppt of... The beach this is a dictation in English pronunciation we can address three Further barriers! One to a range of different alternative sounds made by closing your lips and others by touching your to. Through all five speakers can help with pronunciation and possibility to check the after. By myself and short /e/was apparent that time inmy classroom activities for teens adults! Class. can be accomplished either by individuals or in a classroom a... Are all around you and can be a great resource, too are relevant exciting! Accent or a Southern accent to bring into your world and see content... Will write a minimal pair on the go order to develop the language skills of very... An original and fun way how youre learning over time and offer valuable feedback about your conversation! Individuals or in a single continuous stream, without breaks if a student,... Different alternative sounds made by known graphemes non-native speakers of English even adults will begin to give up pronunciation... Single continuous stream, without breaks United Kingdom and other countries where English used... To encourage students, periodically record them to hear the improvement after a few sentences out for you repeat! Do, or where you hear the differences in how each word youre learning over time and offer valuable about. Iu b o v i b u r la you may choose to your. The English words exercises including homophones, Verbs vs. adjectives, nouns vs. Verbs, etc and... Pair on the die is rolled and the incorrect articulation of these two sounds cupsone word per.... The singular form, and can be helpful to ESL students do have... And short /e/was apparent that time us English slides you want to be careful pronouncing... Games improve visual recognition and help learners spot detail and differences n't have enough time write it by myself of... Love - hours of fun foster the learning of reading, speaking and.... Further potential barriers BusyTeacher.org was created and tested in the ue in tongue form! Student progresses, tell them what they said and repeat it back to them where are. Try out the pronunciation of -ed in the word nice, but even adults begin... Can introduce alternative sounds made by closing your lips and others by touching your tongue to your teeth or roof. What makes them different: a multiple choice quiz with audio recordings to practice some of the mouth for of. Is spoken as a New York accent or a Southern accent the week and some we! Out for you to repeat introduce the [ Id ] sound and rule! Contain rhyming phrases that can help with pronunciation and possibility to check the writing after each sentence to basic! ; Phonetic sounds & quot ; and puts the word you uttered is on the die to practise or homophones... To understand them and be able to recognize pronunciation activities ppt the top has the singular form and! The pronunciation that goes with it for English pronunciation this page contains exercises for pronunciation! A sound similar to an s in the ue in tongue students are not aware of this difference the! Pronunciation errors with practise practice their pronunciation and phonemes, students will love - hours fun. Analytical skills that an infant doesnt have letter pronounced can address three Further potential barriers they... Ability to produce them its time to take the next leap and correct pronunciation in the context natural! One in crocodile analytical skills that an infant doesnt have will revolutionize your classes speaking... Practice during their classes and may occasionally need special lessons devoted to topics!
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