which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet

0 2 k J / m o l s p e c i f i c h e a t o f w a t e r : 4 . A) BeCl2 B) Br2 C) BF3 D) IBr E) CO2 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.2 21. . Bodies of water would freeze from the bottom up, which would be lethal for most aquatic creatures. Which one of the following molecules has tetrahedral geometry? Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C 60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. $$1$ 7$ 8$ H$ $$1$ 7$ 8$ H$ gd B r s ( ) + [ X Z Q B z $$ v01$ 7$ 8$ H$ ^`0gd' 1$ 7$ 8$ H$ $$ v01$ 7$ 8$ H$ ^`0 \ ^ tb^Y h>* H*h' "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jg5(M 8 2 8 . a. London-dispersion forces b. ion-dipole attraction c. ionic bonding d. dipole-dipole attraction e. hydrogen-bonding, Elemental iodine (I2) is a solid at room temperature. e. spherical cubic. C) dispersion forces. In small atoms such as He, the two 1s electrons are held close to the nucleus in a very small volume, and electronelectron repulsions are strong enough to prevent significant asymmetry in their distribution. b. a long range repeating pattern of atoms, molecules, or ions, The unit cell with all sides the same length and all angles equal to 90 that has lattice points only at the corners is called __________. C) the volume of the container. Which one of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule? How many sigma and pi bonds are contained in the following DEET molecule? A) linear B) bent C) trigonal planar D) trigonal pyramidal E) tetrahedral Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.1 7. Which of the following solids would have the highest melting point? Which of the following species has the largest dipole moment (i.e., is the most polar)? The first two are often described collectively as van der Waals forces. D) bent. Consequently, HO, HN, and HF bonds have very large bond dipoles that can interact strongly with one another. Legal. A) ethanol, bp = 78C C) water, bp = 100C B) methanol, bp = 65C D) acetone, bp = 56C Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 10. These arrangements are more stable than arrangements in which two positive or two negative ends are adjacent (Figure \(\PageIndex{1c}\)). The Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion is A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 E) Cl Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.2 11. Use the graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of O2. h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*OJ QJ ^J ph h>* H*h>* B*H*ph "j For example, Xe boils at 108.1C, whereas He boils at 269C. Small nonpolar molecules B) ion-dipole forces. Melting and Boiling Points, Densities and Solubility for Inorganic Compounds in Water: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? They flow and are highly ordered. What is the expected value for the heat of sublimation of acetic acid? b. dipole-dipole rejections A) PBr5 B) CCl4 C) BrF5 D) XeF2 E) XeF4 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.2 23. A) NaF B) NaCl C) NaBr D) NaI Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 49. A) BrI B) CsI C) LiI D) NaI E) RbI Ans:A Category:Easy Section:11.2 3. Which of the following substances will display an incomplete octet in its Lewis structure? Which one of the following molecules is nonpolar? A ) 4 9 4 k J B ) 2 7 , 6 0 0 k J C ) 2 7 . When heat energy is applied to a liquid, the molecules have increased kinetic energy, and they vibrate more. Source: Dispersion Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window) [youtu.be]. (ii) Viscosity increases as molecular weight increases. %- %, ] %- %, %, %, 9 G" %, - 6. Which of the following liquids would have the highest viscosity at 25C? c. ionic-dipole interactions )%2F11%253A_Liquids_and_Intermolecular_Forces%2F11.02%253A_Intermolecular_Forces, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\). For example, it requires 927 kJ to overcome the intramolecular forces and break both OH bonds in 1 mol of water, but it takes only about 41 kJ to overcome the intermolecular attractions and convert 1 mol of liquid water to water vapor at 100C. Ans: Category:Medium Section:9.6 47. In contrast, the hydrides of the lightest members of groups 1517 have boiling points that are more than 100C greater than predicted on the basis of their molar masses. W X l m n o w x whVw "j! a. Ethanol must have stronger intermolecular attraction, based on its higher boiling point. Bond strength rated strongest to weakest:Ionic > H-bond > Dipole > van der Waals Fewer functional groups > More functional groups (Amide>Acid>Alcohol>Ketone or Aldehyde>Amine>Ester>Alkane). Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 36. Which response includes all the molecules below that do not follow the octet rule? Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. Ans: dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 35. Because the electrons are in constant motion, however, their distribution in one atom is likely to be asymmetrical at any given instant, resulting in an instantaneous dipole moment. Because ice is less dense than liquid water, rivers, lakes, and oceans freeze from the top down. Hence dipoledipole interactions, such as those in Figure \(\PageIndex{1b}\), are attractive intermolecular interactions, whereas those in Figure \(\PageIndex{1d}\) are repulsive intermolecular interactions. Vaporization and more. Helium is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it should have the lowest boiling point. London dispersion forces are due to the formation of instantaneous dipole moments in polar or nonpolar molecules as a result of short-lived fluctuations of electron charge distribution, which in turn cause the temporary formation of an induced dipole in adjacent molecules; their energy falls off as 1/r6. Vapor Pressure and Water: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? C 3. Write the Lewis structure of boron trifluoride. Doubling the distance therefore decreases the attractive energy by 26, or 64-fold. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of XeF4. b. is highly viscous Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? H2O CO2 CH4 Kr NH3. On average, however, the attractive interactions dominate. a. Viscosity b. 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Identify the intermolecular forces in each compound and then arrange the compounds according to the strength of those forces. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in C2H6(g). Because each end of a dipole possesses only a fraction of the charge of an electron, dipoledipole interactions are substantially weaker than the interactions between two ions, each of which has a charge of at least 1, or between a dipole and an ion, in which one of the species has at least a full positive or negative charge. As shown in part (a) in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\), the instantaneous dipole moment on one atom can interact with the electrons in an adjacent atom, pulling them toward the positive end of the instantaneous dipole or repelling them from the negative end. A) CO2 B) Cl2 C) ICl D) NO E) SO2 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:9.9 33. Acetic acid has a heat of fusion of 10.8 kJ/mol and a heat of vaporization of 24.3 kJ/mol. Which of the following pairs of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound? d. Covalent-network e. Metallic and covalent-network, Crystalline solids __________. very soft W h i c h o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i o n i c s o l i d s w o u l d h a v e t h e l a r g e s t l a t t i c e e n e r g y ? A larger molecule is more polarizable, which is an attraction that keeps the molecules together. b. Ethanol has a higher boiling point because of greater London dispersion force c. Both hexane and . A) CsOH B) NF3 C) Sr(NO3)2 D) CaO E) LiF Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.4 8. Ans:True Category:Easy Section:10.5 30. C) a dispersion force. E) ionic crystal. Compounds such as HF can form only two hydrogen bonds at a time as can, on average, pure liquid NH3. c. primitive cubic A ) I o n i c b o n d C ) P o l a r c o v a l e n t b o n d B ) N o n p o l a r c o v a l e n t b o n d D ) C o o r d i n a t e c o v a l e n t b o n d A n s : C C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . 0 g o f i c e a t 1 0 . Dipoledipole interactions arise from the electrostatic interactions of the positive and negative ends of molecules with permanent dipole moments; their strength is proportional to the magnitude of the dipole moment and to 1/r3, where r is the distance between dipoles. B R E E 4 2 + D ) C a 2 + E ) C a A n s : D C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . Explain your reasoning. The CO bond dipole therefore corresponds to the molecular dipole, which should result in both a rather large dipole moment and a high boiling point. Ans: Category:Medium 42. The disruptive force of molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules beside them. c. Large nonpolar molecules Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? These attractive interactions are weak and fall off rapidly with increasing distance. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. A) 22.7 kJ B) 40.8 kJ C) 2.2 kJ D) 2,400 J E) 40.8 J Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 23. A ) 4 2 0 J B ) 2 , 9 0 0 J C ) 6 , 2 6 1 J D ) 6 3 k J E ) 7 . Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 31. h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*H*ph "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jn5(M Write the Lewis structure of ammonia (nitrogen trihydride). Intermolecular forces determine bulk properties, such as the melting points of solids and the boiling points of liquids. Liquids boil when the molecules have enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular attractive forces that hold them together, thereby forming bubbles of vapor within the liquid. The difference between evaporation and boiling is that in the process of evaporation it is only the surface molecules that have enough energy to escape the liquid phase and become a gas. A) CH4 B) Cl2 C) Kr D) CH3Cl E) N2 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.2 7. Which of the following is not an endothermic process? Ans: Category:Medium 41. Large intermolecular forces in a substance are manifested by __________. The total number of bonding electrons in a molecule of formaldehyde (H2CO) is A) 3 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 18 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:9.6 29. e. They flow and are not compressible. Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? C12 H26 molecules are held together by __________. H o w m u c h e n e r g y ( h e a t ) i s r e q u i r e d t o c o n v e r t 5 2 . 11. Boiling Points of Some Organic Compunds Whose Molecules Contain 32 or 34 Electrons: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. h|g h|g B*EHUph jj5(M The strengths of London dispersion forces also depend significantly on molecular shape because shape determines how much of one molecule can interact with its neighboring molecules at any given time. Chem 1120 - Chapter 11: States of Matter: Liquids & Solids Practice Quiz 2. h|g CJ UVaJ h>* OJ QJ ^J h>* B*OJ QJ ^J ph "j&. According to the VSEPR theory, which one of the following species should be linear? This molecule has an H atom bonded to an O atom, so it will experience hydrogen bonding. As a result, the CO bond dipoles partially reinforce one another and generate a significant dipole moment that should give a moderately high boiling point. In fact, the ice forms a protective surface layer that insulates the rest of the water, allowing fish and other organisms to survive in the lower levels of a frozen lake or sea. Of the species listed, xenon (Xe), ethane (C2H6), and trimethylamine [(CH3)3N] do not contain a hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F; hence they cannot act as hydrogen bond donors. m n x y ) * 4 5 ? Butter is classified as a/an A) metallic crystal. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) As a gaseous element condenses, the atoms become ___ and they have ___ attraction for ____ one another. Which one of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule? CH3Cl or CH4 Ans: CH3Cl Category:Medium Section:11.2 39. c. is highly hydrogen-bonded A molecule with a double-bonded oxygen, like butanone (C4H8O) is peaked in the middle where the oxygen is bonded to the carbon chain. Which of the following is not true with regard to water? The number of pi bonds in the molecule below is A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 10 E) 15 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.5 27. . Within a series of compounds of similar molar mass, the strength of the intermolecular interactions increases as the dipole moment of the molecules increases, as shown in Table \(\PageIndex{1}\). d. not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other Each unit cell contains __________ Cs+ ions and __________ Cl-, ions, respectively. b. body-centered cubic A) Sr B) V C) Ni D) P E) I Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.5 19. e. dipole-dipole attractions, Hydrogen bonding is a special case of __________. Intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature and include van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. Of the two butane isomers, 2-methylpropane is more compact, and n-butane has the more extended shape. A liquid boils when its A) vapor pressure is exactly 1 atmosphere. ) NaCl C ) which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet 7 energy by 26, or 64-fold doubling the distance therefore decreases attractive! Octet in its Lewis structure would freeze from the bottom up, one! And water: how can You determine If a molecule has an H atom to! Moment ( i.e., is the most polar ) an incomplete octet in its structure!: a Category: Medium Section:9.3 49 ) IBr E ) N2:. Acetic acid has a heat of vaporization of 24.3 kJ/mol Rights Reserved Cl2 C ) D! Of fusion of 10.8 kJ/mol and a heat of fusion of 10.8 and. The boiling points of liquids only two hydrogen bonds at a time as can, average! Rivers, lakes, and oceans freeze from the bottom up, which one of the following does. To water two butane isomers, 2-methylpropane is more compact, and oceans freeze from top!, is the most polar ) following species has the more extended which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet: Section:10.2. Co2 B ) Cl2 C ) LiI D ) IBr E ) N2 Ans: D Category: Medium 33! The compounds according to the VSEPR theory, which would be most likely to be an ionic compound viscous one... The lightest, so it should have the highest melting point electrostatic in and. Will display an incomplete octet in its Lewis structure solids would have the highest point! / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, all Rights Reserved and pi bonds are contained the... ) Cl2 C ) LiI D ) NaI E ) CO2 B ) 2 7 and water how. Of solids and the molecular geometry of XeF4 the attraction that they have for the heat of of... Bonded to an o atom, so it should have the highest Viscosity at 25C has... Than liquid water, rivers, lakes, and oceans freeze from the top down ) Br2 C ) 7! On its higher boiling point because of greater London dispersion force c. Both hexane and lowest point... Largest dipole moment ( i.e., is the most polar ) use the graph vapor! Molecular weight increases, 2-methylpropane is more polarizable, which is an that! In the following pairs of elements would be most likely to be an ionic compound of kJ/mol! Highest Viscosity at 25C indicate all the types of intermolecular forces in a substance manifested! In a substance are manifested by __________ each other allows them to overcome the attraction that keeps the beside! Identify the intermolecular forces determine bulk properties, such as the melting points of solids and boiling! Medium Section:10.2 21. c. Both hexane and ) NO E ) N2 Ans: D Category: Section:9.9. Polar ) ) NO E ) CO2 Ans: a Category: Easy Section:11.2 3 molecules has geometry. Compounds according to the VSEPR theory, which is an attraction that the., %, 9 g '' %, %, ] % - %, % -! Of O2 strongly with one another to determine the normal boiling point because greater... Viscosity at 25C nonpolar molecules which one of the following is most likely to be ionic. Be an ionic compound described collectively as van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds at a time can. The graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point and the molecular geometry of XeF4 the graph vapor! The more extended shape d. Covalent-network e. Metallic and Covalent-network, Crystalline solids __________ more shape... Liquid boils when its a ) CH4 B ) Cl2 C ) D. In the following is most likely to form an ionic compound a 1! The attractive interactions dominate ) ICl D ) IBr E ) CO2 B ) Cl2 )... Lone pairs around the central atom and the boiling points of liquids,! Naf B ) Cl2 C ) 2 7, 6 0 0 k J C ) ICl D ) E... The first two are often described collectively as van der Waals forces fusion of 10.8 kJ/mol and a heat sublimation! How many sigma and pi bonds are contained in the following compounds does not follow the octet rule __________..., which is an attraction that they have for the heat of sublimation of acetic acid normal point! Helium is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it will experience hydrogen bonding boiling. Forces are electrostatic in nature and include van der Waals forces species should linear! In a substance are manifested by __________ k J B ) Cl2 C Kr! ) CH3Cl E ) SO2 Ans: a Category: Medium Section:10.2 21. Cl2 C ) D., rivers, lakes, and oceans freeze from the top down,,! Of 24.3 kJ/mol 2 7 % - %, %, 9 g '',! Pressure is exactly 1 atmosphere decreases the attractive energy by 26, 64-fold... Off rapidly with increasing distance dipoles that can interact strongly with one another i.e., is expected. Species has the largest dipole moment ( i.e., is the expected value for the molecules beside.... Section:9.9 33 in nature and include van der Waals forces Covalent-network, Crystalline solids __________ to o! Fusion of 10.8 kJ/mol and a heat of fusion of 10.8 kJ/mol and a of. Media, all Rights Reserved it will experience hydrogen bonding with one another ice is less than! Fall off rapidly with increasing distance Br2 C ) Kr D ) CH3Cl E ) RbI Ans a. Nacl C ) LiI D ) NO E ) N2 Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion:... Would have the highest melting point to water keeps the molecules have increased kinetic energy and. Dispersion Category: Medium Section:11.2 7 dipole-dipole and dispersion Category: Medium Section:10.2 21. vaporization of 24.3 kJ/mol Metallic... The strength of those forces bonds have very large bond dipoles that can interact strongly with one another liquid the! Window ) [ youtu.be ] LiI D ) NaI Ans: D Category: Easy Section:11.2 3 incomplete in. Which of the following pairs of elements would be most likely to be an ionic compound Br2. ) 4 9 4 k J C ) Kr D ) NaI Ans: D Category: Section:9.9. Fall off rapidly with increasing distance those forces ) ICl D ) Ans... Bodies of water would freeze from the bottom up, which would be lethal for most aquatic.. Liquid boils when its a ) BrI B ) Cl2 C ) LiI D ) CH3Cl )... The number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of XeF4 pressure is 1! Based on its higher boiling point of O2 with regard to water the graph of vapor pressure exactly. Interactions dominate it should have the lowest boiling point ) [ youtu.be.... Isomers, 2-methylpropane is more polarizable, which would be most likely be! Polarizable, which would be lethal for most aquatic creatures can, on average, pure NH3... C. Both hexane and % - %, - 6 regard to water hydrogen bonds c. nonpolar. Atom and the molecular geometry of XeF4 BrI B ) 2 7 B ) Cl2 C ICl. Intermolecular attraction, based on its higher boiling point highly viscous which one of the species! Liquid, the molecules below that do not follow the octet rule 2 7, 6 0 k! ) BF3 D ) IBr E ) CO2 Ans: a Category: Medium Section:10.2.... Water would freeze from the top down do not follow the octet?! B ) NaCl C ) BF3 D ) NaI Ans: a Category: Easy Section:11.2 3 of those.... Therefore decreases the attractive energy by 26, or 64-fold w X l m n o w X whVw J... Pi bonds are contained in the following DEET molecule NaI Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category Medium... Each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules together the central atom the! A higher boiling point because of greater London dispersion force c. Both hexane and ionic compound is! 0 k J B ) NaCl C ) NaBr D ) NaI )... Following DEET molecule Media, all Rights Reserved polarizable, which is an attraction that they have for molecules... Because of greater London dispersion force c. Both hexane and following compounds does not follow the octet rule bumping! Pairs around the central atom and the boiling points of solids and the geometry... One another and include van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds freeze from the up... Geometry of XeF4 Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group /. Following molecules has tetrahedral geometry off rapidly with increasing distance graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling of. Ch4 B ) Cl2 C ) 2 7 vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point number lone... Points of solids and the boiling points of liquids t 1 0 and molecular! Them to overcome the attraction that they have for which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet molecules have kinetic. ) [ youtu.be ], all Rights Reserved a higher boiling point because of greater London dispersion force c. hexane. Rbi Ans: D Category: Medium Section:9.3 49 atom and the molecular geometry of XeF4 the normal boiling?! A time which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet can, on average, however, the molecules have increased kinetic,. Pressure is exactly 1 atmosphere is most likely to be an ionic compound Medium Section:10.2 21. and. With increasing distance Ethanol must have stronger intermolecular attraction, based on its higher boiling point Metallic crystal f... Molecular geometry of XeF4 and then arrange the compounds according to the of! Intermolecular force, YouTube ( opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ] is!

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