Otters have five toes and the heel pad tends to be somewhat horseshoe shaped. [48], Mothers give birth to furred and blind cubs in an underground den near the river shore and fishing sites. [21] It differs from the Eurasian otter by its longer neck, narrower visage, the smaller space between the ears and its shorter tail. In the winter, crayfish made up one-third of the North American river otter's diet. Their dense, short under-fur is overlain by darker, coarse guard hairs that help repel water. [2], North American river otters, like most predators, prey upon the most readily accessible species. [40] One fight was directly observed in the Brazilian Pantanal in which three animals violently engaged a single individual near a range boundary. I had a feeling it might be a rare encounter, but I really had no idea just how rare, Ste Marie said. 2. [67], Research generally takes place in the dry season and an understanding of the species' overall habitat use remains partial. North America's largest North American river otter populations were found in areas with an abundance and diversity of aquatic habitats, such as coastal marshes, the Great Lakes region, and glaciated areas of New England. After a few bumps, they can slide up to 22 feet on the ice. [60], The species can hunt singly, in pairs, and in groups, relying on sharp eyesight to locate prey. and over 3 feet long, are found across North America, although their range has been significantly damaged by hunting and habitat loss. Ste Marie lives on the Canadian side of the Detroit River, which divides Detroit, Michigan, from Windsor, Ontario. It can tolerate a great range of temperature and elevations. Typically, otters in northern regions are larger than otters in southern regions, and males are usually larger than females. The European River Otter shares similar sleeping habits, spending most of the day sleeping in undergrowth or the holes which are their dens. Jan. 20, 2022 5:24 PM PT. If you have seen an otter, fisher, bobcat, weasel, marten, or snowshoe hare in Upstate New York (or otter, beaver, gray fox, weasel, mink, coyote, or skunk in Long Island/NYC), we encourage you to report your sighting. [45] In 2010, the Colorado Department of Wildlife reported the species, reintroduced in the 1980s, was "thriving" and recommended its protection status be reconsidered. Their long, agile bodies enable them to quickly twist , turn, roll and dive, and they are frequently seen sliding or burrowing in the mud or snow. Both otters have their own adorable way of caring for their young and making them feel at home, too. While river otters tend to live alone or in pairs, they often socialize in groups and are known for their playful behavior. On average, male otters weigh 25lbs and are about 48in in length . [2] Typically, loggers first move into rainforest, clearing the vegetation along riverbanks. River otters are found throughout most of North America from the Rio Grande to Canada and Alaska, except for in arid deserts and the treeless Arctic. Otter play mostly consists of wrestling with conspecifics. [66] Giant otters may adopt preferred locations perennially, often on high ground. Hahn is a graduate student at Ohio State University, which is one of the institutional partners in the otter research project, along with the forest preserve district, the Cook County Department of Animal and . They also inhabit the forested regions of the Pacific coast in North America. Water pollution and other diminution of aquatic and wetland habitats may limit distribution and pose long-term threats if the enforcement of water quality standards is not upheld. In captivity, this may increase to 17, with an unconfirmed record of 19. Habitat degradation and loss is the greatest current threat. [5][6][7], The range of the North American river otter has been significantly reduced by habitat loss, beginning with the European colonization of the Americas. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) considers the species' presence in Argentina and Uruguay uncertain. [13] Both species also show strong pair bonding and paternal engagement in rearing cubs. The U.S. is home to two species: the sea otter and the North American river otter. [59] If fish are unavailable, it will also take crabs, snakes, and even small caimans and anacondas. To him, that's just more evidence of . Young are born between April andMay and arrivesilky black, blind, toothless and totally helpless. [89] A Ticuna legend has it that the giant otter exchanged places with the jaguar: the story says jaguar formerly lived in the water and the giant otter came to the land only to eat. Because theyare at the top of their food chain, they have few predators. Two subspecies are currently recognized by the canonical Mammal Species of the World, P. b. brasiliensis and P. b. paraguensis. [73], The IUCN listed the giant otter as "endangered" in 1999; it had been considered "vulnerable" under all previous listings from 1982 when sufficient data had first become available. [1] P. b. brasiliensis is distributed across the north of the giant otter range, including the Orinoco, Amazon, and Guianas river systems; to the south, P. b. paraguensis has been suggested in Paraguay, Uruguay, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina,[14] although it may be extinct in the last three of these four. River otters have been blamed for decimating game fish populations and are seen as a pest to eradicate by many game fishermen. [48] Study of captive specimens has found only males initiate copulation. Logging, hunting, and pup seizure may have led groups to be far more wary of human activity. It is the longest member of the weasel family, Mustelidae, a globally successful group of predators, reaching up to 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in).Atypical of mustelids, the giant otter is a social species, with family groups typically supporting three to eight members. North American river otters ( Lontra canadensis) can grow up to four feet from the tip of their nose to the tip of their tail and weigh up to 30 pounds. [53] However, when water levels are lower, crayfish will seek out shelter while fish become more highly concentrated and susceptible to predation. Unlike most otter habitats around the world, it is thought that the Pacific north coast still supports a thriving otter population. The giant otter subsists almost exclusively on a diet of fish, particularly characins and catfish, but may also eat crabs, turtles, snakes and small caimans. Aquatic life ties North American river otters almost exclusively to permanent watersheds. . [84] (One researcher has suggested the giant otter is hunted only in desperation due to its horrible taste. breaks world record. [23][16], North American river otters characteristically approach within a few feet of a boat or a person on shore because they're near-sighted, a consequence of vision adapted for underwater sight. River otters can be found all over Florida except in the Keys, and they are most frequently seen in or near water. Their aquatic habitats can be both marine and fresh water: streams, rivers, lakes, ponds and marshes. There is evidence that river otters' play activities strengthensocial bonds, improvehunting techniquesand scent markterritories. River Otter River otters ( Lontra canadensis) are now found throughout most of Indiana, thanks to efforts of the DNR and its partners. The North American river otter ( Lontra canadensis), also called the Canadian otter, is the most abundant species of otter. Little effort has gone into assessing the threat of disease to wild North American river otter populations, so it is poorly understood and documented. We thought were next, Detroit River is next, he said. Duplaix documented interaction with the Neotropical otter. These include mudminnows (Umbra limi) and sculpins (Cottus spp.). The North American River Otter, for instance, is nocturnal three seasons and more diurnal only in the winter. The river otter is adapted for both land and water with short legs, webbed toes, and a strong, flattened tail. [20] Because they have a low tolerance for polluted water, river otters are considered by some naturalists to be a good indicator, or "keystone," species of the quality of aquatic habitats. [78] Specific threats from human industry include unsustainable mahogany logging in parts of the giant otter range,[75] and concentrations of mercury in its diet of fish, a byproduct of gold mining. 2023 Cable News Network. One report suggests maximum areas 28m (92ft) long and 15m (49ft) wide, well-marked by scent glands, urine, and feces to signal territory. [46], Giant otters build dens, which are holes dug into riverbanks, usually with multiple entrances and multiple chambers inside. Different studies have placed the breeding season in winter, late springand summer. [26] Other fish an integral part of the North American river otters' diets are those that are often plentiful and found in large schools: sunfish (Lepomis spp. While many states experienced declines in river otter densities, distribution, and in some cases extirpation in the mid 1800's - 1900's, Georgia's All Rights Reserved. Joe Jack caught what could be the state's first legally trapped river otter on Nov. 2. [39] At least one case of a change in alpha relationship has been reported, with a new male taking over the role; the mechanics of the transition were not determined. They hunt singly or in pairsand although otters generally forage in water, they are equally at home on land, sometimes traveling between 10 and18 miles (16 and 29 kilometers) in search of food. [42][43], In early spring, expectant mothers begin to look for a den where they can give birth. [29], Amphibians, where regionally accessible, have been found in the North American river otter's diet during the spring and summer months, as indicated in many of the food habit studies. The implementation of CITES in 1973 finally brought about significant hunting reductions,[14] although demand did not disappear entirely: in the 1980s, pelt prices were as high as US$250 on the European market. They can dive up to 60 feet and stay underwater for as long as four minutes. In 1980, an examination conducted on U.S. river otter populations determined they were locally extinct in 11 states, and lost significant population in 9 other states. The giant otter averages 145 to 180 cm (57-71 in. We are thrilled that they are back, he told CNN. Although no studies have been conducted on the total number of Eurasian otters left in the world . [32] Fish are the primary component of the North American river otter's diet throughout the year. [19] An average adult male weighs about 11.3 kilograms (25lb) against the female's average of 8.3 kilograms (18lb). I realized it was too big to be either of those. jookco Cartoon great AL Jaffee has passed away at age 102. . [16] Their main requirements are a steady food supply and easy access to a body of water. [39] In another instance in Brazil, a carcass was found with clear indications of violent assault by other otters, including bites to the snout and genitals, an attack pattern similar to that exhibited by captive animals. The giant otter is diurnal, being active exclusively during daylight hours. [50] Likewise, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a preferred fish species for the North American river otter in other regions of Colorado. When the pups are about two months old and their coats grow in, their mother introduces them to the water. Limits on the number of tourists at any one time, fishing prohibitions, and a minimum safe distance of 50 metres (164ft) are proposed to offer further protection. These huge. An adult North American river otter can weigh between 5.0 and 14 kg (11.0 and 30.9 lb). ), shiners (Notropis and Richardsonius spp. [25] The fur is extremely dense, so much so that water cannot penetrate to the skin. [5] At Tierpark Hagenbeck in Germany, long-term pair bonding and individualized mate selection were seen, with copulation most frequently taking place in water. The ears appear large on its small flattened head. River otters will eat just about any living creature they can catch. [60] Appendix II lists species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction currently, but may become so unless trade is closely controlled. [33], Although they consume birds, North American river otters do not feed on bird eggs. [28] Otters are known to take larger fish on land to eat, whereas smaller fish are consumed in the water. Prey chase is rapid and tumultuous, with lunges and twists through the shallows and few missed targets. The state created a limited trapping season 35 years after launching a reintroduction plan. When you become a member, you also receive exclusive benefits, like special opportunities to meet animals, discounts at Zoo stores and more. Ste Marie and his partner sprinted a few hundred yards to the walkway where the otter was headed. An adult North American river otter can weigh between 5.0 and 14kg (11.0 and 30.9lb). [34] Most aquatic invertebrates preyed upon by the otters are from the orders Odonata (dragonfly nymphs), Plecoptera (stonefly nymphs), and Coleoptera (adult beetles). It is one of the most endangered mammal species in the Neotropics. It lives only in the rivers and creeks of the Amazon, Orinoco, and La Plata river systems. A river otter caught on camera taking a swim in the Detroit River is the first of its species to be documented in the body of water in over 100 years, experts said. [55] Trappers in Alberta, Canada commonly assert North American river otters are major predators of North American beavers. The North American river otter ( Lontra canadensis ), also known as the northern river otter and river otter, is a semiaquatic mammal that only lives on the North American continent, along its waterways and coasts. [14][76][77], More recently, habitat destruction and degradation have become the principal dangers, and a further reduction of 50% is expected in giant otter numbers within the 20 years after 2004 (about the span of three generations of giant otters). However, waterpollution, uncontrolled trapping and severe habitat loss have reduced the number of river otters. [11], In a new classification, the species is called Lontra canadensis, where the genus Lontra includes all the New World river otters. They give birth within these dens during the dry season. They are extremely easy to hunt, being active through the day and highly inquisitive. In 2004, Peru created one of the largest conservation areas in the world, Alto Purs National Park, with an area similar in size to Belgium. "River otters are one of the greatest predator reintroduction stories in the U.S. They're a great underdog story," said Zach Hahn. Their small heads widen to long necks and shoulders, and they have flattened, well-muscled tails. Name: Lontra weiri. In warmer times, you may also see otters sliding down a riverbank. (Lutra canadensis) River otters are sometimes mistaken for their much larger seagoing cousin, the sea otter. Likewise, the potential predatory impact of otters may be considerable whenever fish are physically confined (most commonly in smaller ponds offering sparse cover or other escape options). [4] Occasional reports also show the river otter eating other small animals, such as mice, squirrels, birds, and even dogs that they've attacked and drowned. and redhorses (Moxostoma spp. The giant otter has a handful of other names. [30][32] They are less likely to be prey for the North American river otters since they are fast-swimming and can find good escape cover. Otter births occur most frequently in March or April. Regionally extinct throughout the Midwest and heavily populated areas in the east, several states have recently begun reintroduction programs. Some clouds. Well suited for an aquatic life, it can close its ears and nose while underwater. It is at home in streams, rivers, ponds and lakes and is well-adapted for its aquatic lifestyle. To protect fish in these cases, the otters may need to be removed or relocated. [18] Carter and Rosas found average areas a third this size. In addition, riverine habitats in interior regions supported smaller, but practical, otter populations. The estrous cycle is 21 days, with females receptive to sexual advances between three and 10 days. Crustaceans may even be consumed more than fish. The river otter ( Lutra canadensis) is the best swimmer of the weasel, or Mustelidae, family. Otters are most often confused with mink that live on land and muskrats that live in water. The den typically has many tunnel openings, one of which generally allows the otter to enter and exit the body of water. Other research maintains that river otters mate for life. [64], Giant otters use areas beside rivers for building dens, campsites, and latrines. The oldest living river otter on record was 27 years old. [33] Concern over this endangered species has since generated a body of research. [2] Populations in Bolivia were once widespread but the country became a "black spot" on distribution maps after poaching between the 1940s and 1970s; a relatively healthy, but still small, population of 350 was estimated in the country in 2002. In the wild state, female sea otters normally have a life-span of 15-20 years, and males 10-15 years. The smallest river otter is the marine otter, averaging 87 to 115 cm (34-45 in.). Check the conservation status of the animals you hunt and use methods that dont impact other animals. Female otters prepare dens that they keep scrupulously clean. [42], Aggression within the species ("intraspecific" conflict) has been documented. The river otter ( Lontra canadensis) is a key bio-indicator of the health of our environment as they sit at the top of this water-based food chain. [29] In Georgia, crayfish accounted for two-thirds of the prey in the summer diet, and their remnants were present in 98% of the summer spraint. [26][32][33] Game fish, such as trout (Salmonidae) and pike (Esocidae), are not a significant component of their diets. Whistles may be used as advance warning of nonhostile intent between groups, although evidence is limited. The North American river otter is the most abundant otter species, but surprisingly little is known about its lifein the wild. The otter's ears and nostrils close underwater. Air trapped within the dense fur provides superb insulation in icy waters. You can be an incredible ally for conservation! Trapping, loss or degradation of aquatic habitats through filling of wetlands, and development of coal, oil, gas, tanning, timber, and other industries, resulted in local extinctions or population declines in North American river otter populations in many areas. This otter is slightly paler ventrally, especially on the throat. River otters, semiaquatic mammals that can grow up to 30 lbs. In 1995, the DNR began a reintroduction program aimed at re-establishing a healthy otter population in several watersheds of northern and southern Indiana. The oldest ever sea otter Enhydra lutris in captivity was Etika, a female specimen who was approximately 28 years old according to medical reports when she died of old age at the Seattle Aquarium in Washington State, USA, on 20 November 1997. [10] The North American river otter was first classified in the genus Lutra. ); Cyprinidae, made up of carp (Cyprinus spp. Their playful snow and mud sliding, tail chasing, water play, and snow burrowing activities also serve other purposesthey help strengthen social bonds and let young otters practice hunting techniques. These otters have brown-to-gray fur, and their undersides are a lighter, silvery shade. John Hartig, a visiting scholar at the Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research who focuses on pollution cleanup in the Great Lakes, confirmed the rarity of Ste Maries sighting. Females are roughly one-third the size of males. This dilemma prevents, and consequently inhibits, recolonization or growth of North American river otter populations. They give birth between August and September, and the young pups emerge for the first time in October and November, which are the months of lowest water when fish concentrations in the dwindling lakes and channels are at their peak. [34] A 1994 river otter study reported findings of beaver remains in 27 of 1,191 scats analyzed. The neotropical otter is active during twilight and darkness, reducing the likelihood of conflict with the diurnal giant otter. Death / Obituaries. My venture into the world of American River Otter proved that the conservation & educational projects have resulted in a stable and growing population. The river otter is a remarkable animal to watch on the move, either in the water or on the shore. after 100 years, "Final report of the North American river otter research project on the Upper Colorado River Basin in and adjacent to Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado", "Asian Carp in the Diet of River Otters in Illinois", Assessment and status report on the Grizzly Bear, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_river_otter&oldid=1149392550, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 23:15. In the winter, otters have found the easiest and perhaps most fun way to get around is by sliding. What to Watch for Size: 3-4' long including the tail which is about one third of the total length. 2003 ). Similarly, many perceived threats to North American river otters, such as pollution and habitat alterations, have not been rigorously evaluated. [2] Given local extinctions, the species' range has become discontinuous. Water quality and development inhibit recovery of populations in some areas. [33] Otters have been found to consume invasive Asian carp. [48][49] Research over five years on a breeding pair at the Cali Zoo in Colombia found the average interval between litters was six to seven months, but as short as 77 days when the previous litter did not survive. Ammoland America's oldest Second Amendment . in hatcheries or other fish culture facilities). But the otters return is a beacon of hope for conservationists and environmentalists alike. [48] Pups open their eyes in their fourth week, begin walking in their fifth, and are able to swim confidently between 12 and 14 weeks old. [1] They are now absent or rare in Arizona, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, and West Virginia. There was so much oil in the river that not only river otters but beavers could not live there. [43] While not rare among large predators in general, intraspecific aggression is uncommon among otter species; Ribas and Mouro suggest a correlation to the animal's sociability, which is also rare among other otters. 18 ] Carter and Rosas found average areas a third this size one researcher has suggested the giant otter 145. Cousin, the sea otter world record river otter the heel pad tends to be either of those Study of captive specimens found... Can grow up to 60 feet and stay underwater for as long as minutes... 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